Massachusetts Bay Colony (Husted/Seabrook/Sherwood/Goodspeed)
In 1628, the foundation was laid for a new colony in New England, by the name of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay and several enterprising men purchased a tract of land from the Council of Plymouth for the purpose of settling it. During the same year, the purchasers sent one hundred colonists, to begin a settlement at Salem. In 1629, the Massachusetts Company obtained a charter from the king and in June, two hundred additional settlers arrived, bringing with them horses, sheep and goats, and large stores of necessities. A part of these emigrants, not being pleased with the situation of Salem formed the settlement of Mishawam, or Charlestown.
The following year, 1630, the settlers, known as proprietors, agreed that the charter and powers of government should be transmitted from London to the colony in America. John Winthrop was chosen governor and was accompanied to Massachusetts by three hundred families, many who were “distinguished for their quality”, as well as their intelligence and piety. This company was to have settled at Charlestown; but the prevalence of a fatal sickness attributed to bad water, induced many of the emigrants to other settlements, some at Dorchester, others at Roxbury and Watertown. This was the beginning of Boston, which for a short time was called Tri-Mountain by the English.
The arrival of Governor Winthrop found the plantation in a distressed and suffering state. In the preceding autumn the colony consisted of three hundred inhabitants; eighty of these died over the winter, and many of the rest were weak and sickly. Their supply of corn was not sufficient for more than a fortnight and their other provisions were nearly exhausted. In addition to these evils, a coalition of Indian tribes was forming with the goal of exterminating the colony. Their strength was confidence in their God. Many of the planters who arrived that summer were sickly, disease continued to rage through the fall and by the close of the year, the number of deaths exceeded two hundred.
The winter was very severe; few of the houses were comfortable and unused to such a severe climate many froze to death. The inconveniences of their accommodations increased the incidence of disease, but the worst was yet to come. During the continuance of the severe season, their stock of provisions began to fail. Although they shared as long as any provisions remained, many subsisted upon shellfish, groundnuts, and acorns, which, at that season, were found with only the greatest difficulty.
In consideration of their perilous condition, the sixth day of February was appointed a day of public fasting and prayer, to seek deliverance from God. On the fifth of February, the day before the appointed fast, the ship Lion, which had been sent to England for supplies, arrived laden with provisions. These provisions were distributed among the people according to need and their appointed fast was exchanged for a day of general Thanksgiving.
Early in 1631, two important rules were adopted at a meeting of the electors in General Court, namely, (1) That the freemen alone should have the power of electing the governor, deputy governor and assistants, and (2) that “freemen” were limited to those who belonged to some church within the limits of the colony.
In 1634, a still more important change occurred. The settlements had become so numerous and extended, that the freemen could not, without great inconvenience, meet and transact the public business. It was therefore ordered that the whole body of the freemen should be convened only for the election of the magistrates who would have the power of enacting the laws. “Thus,” observes a 1800s historian, “did the epidemic of America break out in Massachusetts, just fifteen years after the first appearance of colonists in Virginia. The trading corporation had become a representative democracy.”
In 1633 and 1634 our first ancestors arrived and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, most did not stay long but moved to the south and west to found Springfield Massachusetts, Hartford and Fairfield Counties in Connecticut and Newark New Jersey.